Posts Tagged ‘cataract surgery’
Lasers are widely used in optometry because light can reach almost any internal eye structure almost without offense. The first use of light in optometry can be dated back to 1946 when a German ophthalmologist Gerd Meyer-Schwickerath used light to coagulate human retinal tissue. He sealed off retinal tears with the light of a xenon arc lamp producing tiny burns in the retina. This technique revolutionized the world of optometry. After the first laser was demonstrated in 1960 by Theodore Maiman, it quickly became an efficient tool in the field of corrective eye treatment. Today’s technology has made it possible to develop a wide variety of lasers, each with its own technical specifications and use. There are the five most common kinds of lasers used in optometry: YAG laser, excimer laser, microkeratome femtosecond laser, Krypton lasers and argon laser.
The YAG laser, one of the most common types of lasers, is a solid-state laser used in various fields like ophthalmology. YAG lasers have a 1054 mm wavelength and can be operated in pulsed mode as well as continuous mode. The most common eye surgeries in which the YAG laser is used are cataract surgery and peripheral iridotomy. YAG lasers with frequencies of 532mm wavelengths are used for photocoagulation.
The excimer laser is probably the most widely used kinds of lasers in optometry. Instead of burning through matter, excimer lasers shoot out energy that breaks apart the molecular bonds of the eye’s surface tissue. These molecules thus disintegrate into the air, and there is no burning involved. Excimer lasers can remove incredibly thin layers of eye material without impacting the remaining tissue. So these types of lasers are often used in precision surgeries.
The microkeratome laser is designed to forego the blade and use ultrashort-pulse femtosecond lasers to make the cut instead, which can minimize risks inherent in the microkeratome blade method. The microkeratome is a mechanical shaver that cuts a very thin flap out of the exterior layer of the cornea to allow for laser surgery.
The Krypton laser is a kind of gas laser using krypton ions in combination with electronic discharges, which is commonly used to treat macular degeneration, a disease that shows up often in the group of elderly people and results in the loss of a central field of vision due to a damaged retina.
The argon laser discovered by William R. Bennett can be emitted at various wavelengths in the ultraviolet spectrum. They commonly used in retinal phototherapy procedures. Diabetic patients often suffer from diabetic retinopathy. Argon lasers are used for panretinal photocoagulation to prevent retinopathy from further damage. They are also used in treating open-angle glaucoma.
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Article Source:http://www.articlesbase.com/vision-articles/optometric-lasers-1663194.html
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Cataract is the clouding of the lens of the eyes. It affects vision. A thin lining of cloudy natural lens is removed from the eye because it blocks the passage of light. This is how a cataract surgery is done. Cataract surgery is a harmless procedure. Every year, there are more than 1.6 Americans who undergo this treatment to repair their vision. More than half of the American population have cataract or may have been through a cataract surgery by the age of 80. Some people believe that when one eye has cataract, the other eye will definitely be next. This is a myth. Cataract doesn’t spread. It can occur in either or both eyes though.
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On the day of the surgery itself, there is a list of things to do such skipping breakfast and avoiding intake of liquids. An eye drop to dilate pupils and sedative are given prior to the actual procedure. Topical anesthesia is also given in order for the patient not to feel the pain. After the areas around the eyes were completely cleansed and after a sterile covering is put into place, at least a small cut is done into the eye to enable the surgeon to remove the cloudy lens. There are two methods to remove the cloudy lens. One is through sonically breaking up the cataract then extracted out of the eye. The other one is through mechanically breaking up the cataract into small pieces then removed from the eye through a small incision. After this, a plastic or silicon intraocular lens will replace the natural lens that was taken off the eye.
After the operation, a protective shield is placed on the eye. Then the patient is usually sent home after few minutes in the recovery room. Surgeons advise patients to apply eye drops for a number of times in a day. This goes on for few weeks depending on the surgeon’s advice. Just like any other medical procedure, there are dos and don’ts patients are given to ensure effectiveness of the operation.
The price of a cataract surgery is around $3,000, exclusive of health insurance. Fortunately, HMOs, Medicare and other health insurances cover this specific surgery. It is indeed pricey however, the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery reports 98% of the patients believe it is highly recommended since it simply worked for them.
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Article Source:http://www.articlesbase.com/vision-articles/how-a-cataract-surgery-is-done-1490497.html
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Are you bored with your filthy, colorless, rigid and heavy spectacles? – Then, you can supplant those shabby glasses with contact lenses. In todays globalize society; what we need is speed and a perfect valor to do something rare and important. Spectacles are to some extent backdated, essentially lacks the sprit of a modern world. The use of contact lenses is current and modern, and thus suffices the present requirement, with an elegant style. Today’s unhealthy life style propagates damaging effect on our body; the majority is on our eyes. They become fatigued and sore by the close of the day. Like the “myth of Sisyphus”, we are continuously struggling with this sort of problems. Eventually, in spite of the presence of our “old” spectacles, our eyes are attested with fatal, enhanced vision diseases.
There are several types of contact lenses, namely- “Artificial intraocular lenses (IOL) was firstly approved by FDA in 1981, previously patients used to wear thick metal glasses. But surgeons are more concerned about the surgical techniques of lenses. Monofocal IOL can gift vision at only one distance, which is quite handy for cataract patients, with blurred vision at a single distance. However if the patient after a cataract surgery, unable to see comfortably at both distance and middle distance, they can use multifocal IOLS, in place of monofocal IOLS. Even ‘astigmatism’ can easily be cured by using toric IOLS. There are two kinds of toric IOLS , approved by FDA-(i) Staar surgical IOLS and (ii) Acry sofIQ. While the former can correct up to 3.5 diopters of astigmatism, the later is influential to correct astigmatism between 1.5 and 3.0. These toric IOLS are also effective in case of lenticular astigmatism.
Monovision with IOLS, are engineered to currect ‘presbyopia’ .If patients, suffering from presbyopia in both eyes, will gain good and comprehensive vision after the surgical installation of IOLS. Since UV lights are supposed to harm cataracts, IOLS in this case are helpful in blocking them. Acry sof Natural is one this type, uses a transparent yellow layer to filter UV rays and blue lights, respectively. Patient who used to wear piggyback lens (the lens i.e. covered over a first lens) should get better vision via implanting a combination of two IOLS, with in a single time.
Contact lenses can give you the case which an eye-glass can never propagate. An ordinary spectacle does not work effectively during wet condition and easily become indistinct, during foggy weather. But this sort of problem can never create a hindrance in the field of true transparency. Thus can be termed “seasonal protector”. Unlike spectacles contact lenses don’t have any weight. There’s no fear to loose it during the busiest times, no tension for viruses and dusts or even the harmful ultraviolet rays or blue rays of the sun .It is quite comfortable to handle , with in a smallest rang of expenses. Thus contact lenses have all the potentialities which a general spectacle, frankly can never offer. Moreover this will strengthen your important eyes to look best and should enhance the ability to work longer.
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Article Source:http://www.articlesbase.com/vision-articles/forget-glasses-use-contact-lenses-1468162.html
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Early signs of cataracts such as declining visual clarity may be ok. You are still able to drive, watch television and so on. But if your daily lives are severely affected by advanced cataracts that can not be corrected by plastic eyeglasses or contacts, it is the right time to receive a cataract surgery. During a surgery, the clouding on your lens will be removed and an artificial intraocular lens will be implanted to restore your focusing power.
Certain medications and nutritional supplements may cause side effects during a cataract surgery, so that the patient should consultant the doctor that whether he should stop taking certain medications. Another critical issue is the selection of IOL type: a single vision IOL or a presbyopia-correcting IOL. Multifocal IOLs are always more expensive but they will provide more clear vision for people above 40. After determining the IOL type, another preparation before the surgery is the measurement of IOL power. For most of the patients, a cataract surgery will treat only one eye at a time, even if both of the eyes have cataracts. If necessary, the other eye will be corrected at least two weeks later.
On the day of the surgery, the patient may be asked to avoid drinking liquids and eye makeup. For eye relaxation, a sedative may be used and your eye skin will be comprehensively cleansed. Using an ultrasound-driven instrument, the doctor will make an incision into your eye, so that your lens’ cloud can be divided into small pieces. Another instrument will be used to get them out through the incision. The last two steps are implanting the IOL and suturing the incision.
On your way home after the surgery, a protective shield is needed to block sun rays. During the following few weeks, eye drops prescribed by your doctor should be applied several times every day. It is also important to avoid some things during the recovery period, such as heavy lifting, any activity that increases your eye stress, water contact, dust etc… For best outcome, you should also follow those special instructions from your doctor.
Even if the surgery has been performed successfully, certain complications may occur, such as glaucoma and intraocular pressure buildup. Other rare conditions include de-centered IOL, tearing of the posterior capsule and potential detached retinas. Some doctors think that detached retinas have no direct relation to the surgery, since some patients have already suffered from that before the surgery. Patients with high myopia may need to take a YAG laser capsulotomy procedure to correct a secondary Cataract, which increases the risk of detached retina. The most severe complication should be endophthalmitis, which causes widespread inflammation or infection. Fortunately, the rate of developing endophthalmitis is as low as 0.1%.
It is reported that as much as 95.5% of patients can restore normal 20/40 vision and sight-threatening complications occur on only 2% of the patients, most among which are old individuals. The most satisfying outcomes are always found on young people.
Article Source:http://vision.firmoo.com/vision-surgery/cataract-surgery-preparation-and-outcome.html
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